The symptoms you are describing are consistent with an ileus. An ileus, also known as a bowel obstruction, is a disruption of the normal forward flow of the gastrointestinal tract. An ileus can be mechanical or non-mechanical. Symptoms often include excessive burping/belching, abdominal distension/discomfort, constipation, and lack of flatulence or bowel movements.
Causes can include episodes of nausea/vomiting/diarrhea that leave the bowel irritated. Previous abdominal surgeries (appendectomy, hysterectomy, cholecystectomy etc) can result in bowel adhesions that obstruct forward flow. Ulcers can irritate the gastrointestinal tract decreasing motility. Masses and tumors can mechanically obstruct the forward flow. And neuropathies such as those associated with diabetes can damage gastrointestinal nerves and result in improper/absent motility.
If the symptoms have a clear provocation (such as gastroenteritis associated with vomiting and diarrhea) and resolve on their own without sequelae then no medical intervention is needed. However, if these symptoms have been occurred before without an identifiable cause, you have a prior history of abdominal surgery, the symptoms do no improve, you are not passing gas, or you start vomiting, then prompt medical attention is needed. Studies such as a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with oral and intravenous contrast can usually localize the site of the obstruction and identify any structural abnormality.